3. Read the Learn this! box. Complete the rules.(Đọc hộp Learn this! Hoàn thành các quy tắc.)

LEARN THIS! Past simple (negative and interrogative)

a. We form the negative form of the past simple with (1) _____ and the infinitive without to.

I didn’t go out last night.

b. We form the interrogative form of the past simple with (2) _____ and the infinitive without to.

Did Harry text you? Yes, he did. I No, he didn't.

c. We do not use did/ didn't with the verbs (3) _____ or (4) _____

Was Joe late for school? Yes, he was.

Could you read when you were three? No, I couldn't.

2. Read the text and choose the best tittle for it.

(Đọc văn bản và chọn tiêu đề hay nhất.)

a. Environmental problems: What are they?

b. Environmental protection: How important is it?

c. Environmental solutions: How practical are they?

The environment we live in is facing many serious problems. We need to be aware of these problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.

A. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere. It is one of the biggest issues facing humans today. It can have serious consequences such as rising sea levels, polar ice melting, and extreme weather events like floods or heatwaves.

B. Another environmental problem is the cutting and clearing of natural forests. The loss of forests can have a negative impact on the environment. It can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife in danger. It can also destroy the natural soil and lead to climate change.

C. Air pollution is also a serious problem. It is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines, or factories. When these harmful gases combine with the water in the air, they come down as rain or snow, which can damage all forms of life. In addition, this problem leads to global warming and climate change. It is also a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.

D. Around the world, the number of endangered animals is rising. Many of them disappear because of pollution and climate change. In addition, humans illegally hunt and kill animals, and catch too many fish at once. This is upsetting the natural balance of ecosystems, which can be harmful to all living and non-living things.

2. Complete the following sentences using the correct forms of the words in bold in 1.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau sử dụng dạng đúng của các từ in đậm ở bài 1.)

1. Joining the WTO has helped Viet Nam _________ its economic growth.

2. Viet Nam _________ foreign investors in various parts of the economy.

3. We _________ to use the donations effectively We have signed an agreement on this.

4. This environmental organisation _________ to protect local forests. It has a detailed plan to achieve this.

5. We need to improve the quality of goods and services so that they can _________ new markets.

2. Read the text and circle the correct meanings of the highlighted words.

(Đọc văn bản và khoanh tròn nghĩa đúng của các từ được đánh dấu.)

Since UNICEF set up an office in 1975 in Viet Nam, it has run projects in various fields to provide the highest possible support for children in our country. The organisation particularly aims to create opportunities for all children in Viet Nam to attend school, learn and succeed. The following programmes help achieve the UNICEF's education aims for Viet Nam.

Education for Disadvantaged Young People

UNICEF helps disadvantaged teenagers continue their education by offering them job training and career advice. They are also taught essential skills for the job market.

Providing Education Opportunities for Children with Disabilities

This programme gives children with disabilities a chance to get access to and benefit from a quality education. It also helps promote equal participation in society and a culture in which people respect each other.

Improving Learning Achievements

This is another practical programme supported by UNICEF. The aim is to better prepare children for the challenges in the future. UNICEF helps Viet Nam in joining regional educational programmes to improve children's learning achievements. When they leave school, they should have the necessary skills and knowledge to work in a fast-changing world.

1. create

a. make something happen 

b. increase something

c. refuse something

2. essential

a. usual

b. necessary

c. successful

3. respect

a. have a good opinion of somebody

b. look down on somebody

c. get on well with somebody

4. practical

a. connected with organisations

b. connected with ideas

c. connected with real situations

3. Read the Learn this! box. Find all the past simple forms in the text in exercise 2. Match them with rules a-d in the Learn this! box.

(Đọc hộp Learn this!. Tìm tất cả các thể quá khứ trong bài đọc ở bài 2. Nối chúng với các quy tắc trong hộp.)

1. Read the text. Match the highlighted words with their meanings.

(Đọc văn bản. Nối các từ được làm nổi bật với nghĩa của chúng.)

The more people travel, the bigger impact they may have on the environment. How can we reduce it while travelling? Here are some advice.

Reduce your carbon footprint while travelling. Since flying produces more carbon footprint than any other means of transport, you should only fly when the trip is long. During the trip, you should walk, cycle or use public transport as much as you can. This not only helps to keep the environment clean, but also allows you to enjoy the beauty of nature and interact with local people. 

Choose eco-friendly activities that benefit animals and the ecosystem. Avoid activities that allow you to touch or ride animals because they disturb their natural patterns and attract many people. Instead, visit wildlife parks or organic farms. These will help you understand and respect the nature more and stop doing things that harm the environment.

3. Find all the -ed and -ing adjectives in the text in exercise 2. Complete the rules in the Learn this! box.

(Tìm tất cả các tính từ có đuôi -ed và -ing trong bài đọc bài 2. Hoàn thành các quy tắc trong hộp Learn this!)

LEARN THIS! -ed/ -ing adjectives

Many adjectives ending in (1) _____ describe how peoplefeel. Adjectives ending in (2) describe something whichmakes them feel that way. Pairs of-ed / -ing adjectiveslike these are formed from verbs, e.g. disappoint.

I'm disappointed. My exam result is disappointing.

2. Read the Learn this! box. Then find all the examples of the past continuous in the text in exercise 1.

(Đọc hộp Learn this! Sau đó tìm tất cả các ví dụ về thì quá khứ tiếp diễn trong đoạn trích trong bài 1.)

LEARN THIS! Past continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

a. We often use the past continuous to set the scene.

(Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để dựng bối cảnh.)

It was snowing. Two men were walking towards the house. (Tuyết đang rơi, có hai người đàn ông đang tiến đến ngôi nhà.)

b. We use the past continuous to talk about an action that was in progress at a particular time. (Chúng ta sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để nói về một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.)

At midnight, I was doing my homework. (Vào nửa đêm, tôi đang làm bài tập.)

c. When we use the past continuous with two or more actions, we do not need to repeat the subject (I, we, etc.) or was/were if the subject is the same. (Khi chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn với hai hay nhiều hành động, chúng ta không cần lặp lại chủ ngữ hoặc động từ tobe nếu cùng một chủ ngữ.)

We were sitting on the sofa and eating pizza. (Chúng tôi đang ngồi trên ghế sofa và ăn pizza.)

2. Read the text and circle the correct meanings of the highlighted words and phrases.

(Đọc văn bản và khoanh tròn nghĩa đúng của các từ và cụm từ được đánh dấu.)

Gender equality has been greatly promoted around the world. However, there are still many challenges that women face.

First of all, there are still girls who are forced to get married before the age of 18. In many places, parents may see child marriage as a way to protect daughters from violence. However, many of these young girls become victims of domestic violence. Child marriage also carries serious health risks as young girls are not physically developed to give birth.

Secondly, more than half of the world's uneducated people are women. This means fewer girls than boys go to school or stay long at school. Girls who receive an education are less likely to marry young. They can also have better job skills and can earn higher salaries. Education gives girls the opportunity to have a better life and give back to their communities.

Thirdly, women are often paid less than men. In other words, women have to work longer than men to earn the same amount of money. Differences in career choices might be one reason. Women tend to become nurses, secretaries, or shop assistants, which are low-paying jobs, while men choose high-paying careers as surgeons, airline pilots, or engineers.

Women are still not equal to men in today's society, and governments, organisations and individuals must work together to achieve gender equality.

1. be forced

a. be made to do something unwanted

b. be made to do something necessary

2. domestic violence

a. action taken to please someone

b. behaviour intended to hurt someone you live with

3. uneducated

a. having little or no formal education at school

b. not having many jobs opportunities

4. low-paying

a. giving money to a person

b. providing very little money

2. Read the Learn this! box. Match sentences 1 - 6 from the extract in exercise 1 with rules a - c.

LEARN THIS! Contrast, past simple and past continuous

a. We use the past simple for a sequence of events in the past. The events happened one after another. (Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ đơn cho một chuỗi sự kiện trong quá khứ. Sự việc này xảy ra rồi đến sự việc khác.)

We had lunch. Then we put on our coats and left. (Chúng tôi đã dùng bữa trưa. Sau đó chúng tôi khoác áo và rời đi.)

b. We use the past continuous to describe a scene in the past. The events were in progress at the same time. (Chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để mô tả một cảnh trong quá khứ. Những cảnh này đang diễn ra cùng một lúc.)

It was raining. People were wearing raincoats and carrying umbrellas. (Trời đang mưa. Mọi người thì đang mặc áo mưa và mang dù.)

c. We use the past simple and the past continuous together for a single event that interrupted a longer event in the past.

(Chúng ta dùng quá khứ đơn và quá khứ tiếp diễn cùng với nhau cho một hành động cắt ngang hành động dài hơn trong quá khứ.)

As I was getting dressed (longer event), my friend phoned (interruption). (Khi tôi đang mặc đồ (hành động dài), thì bạn tôi gọi (hành động xen ngang).)