2. Look at the examples of the past perfect highlighted in the text in exercise 1. Find all the other examples. Complete rule a in the Learn this! box.

(Nhìn vào các ví dụ về quá khứ hoàn thành được đánh dấu trong văn bản ở bài tập 1. Tìm tất cả các ví dụ khác. Hoàn thành quy tắc a trong phần Learn this!)

LEARN THIS! Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)

a. We form the past perfect with (1) _____ or (2) _____ and the past participle.

b. We use the past perfect when we are already talking about past events and we want to talk about an even earlier event.

When I got to the classroom, the lesson had started.

c. We often use the past perfect with after, before or when.

Before I got to the bus station, the bus had already left.

After I’d called Maggie, I watched a film on TV.

2. Read the Learn this! box. Then find all the examples of the past continuous in the text in exercise 1.

(Đọc hộp Learn this! Sau đó tìm tất cả các ví dụ về thì quá khứ tiếp diễn trong đoạn trích trong bài 1.)

LEARN THIS! Past continuous (Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn)

a. We often use the past continuous to set the scene.

(Chúng ta thường dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để dựng bối cảnh.)

It was snowing. Two men were walking towards the house. (Tuyết đang rơi, có hai người đàn ông đang tiến đến ngôi nhà.)

b. We use the past continuous to talk about an action that was in progress at a particular time. (Chúng ta sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để nói về một hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm nhất định trong quá khứ.)

At midnight, I was doing my homework. (Vào nửa đêm, tôi đang làm bài tập.)

c. When we use the past continuous with two or more actions, we do not need to repeat the subject (I, we, etc.) or was/were if the subject is the same. (Khi chúng ta dùng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn với hai hay nhiều hành động, chúng ta không cần lặp lại chủ ngữ hoặc động từ tobe nếu cùng một chủ ngữ.)

We were sitting on the sofa and eating pizza. (Chúng tôi đang ngồi trên ghế sofa và ăn pizza.)

Write a paragraph (120 - 150 words) about things you should or shouldn't do to reduce the negative impact of travelling on the environment. You may use the ideas in the reading to help you.

(Viết một đoạn văn (120 - 150 từ) về những việc nên làm hoặc không nên làm để giảm tác động tiêu cực của việc đi du lịch đến môi trường. Bạn có thể sử dụng những ý tưởng trong bài đọc để giúp bạn.)

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

3. Read the Learn this! box. Find all the past simple forms in the text in exercise 2. Match them with rules a-d in the Learn this! box.

(Đọc hộp Learn this!. Tìm tất cả các thể quá khứ trong bài đọc ở bài 2. Nối chúng với các quy tắc trong hộp.)

2. Work in pairs. Discuss which of the things in 1 we should or should not do to become ecotourists. Use the expressions below to help you.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận về những điều trong bài 1 chúng ta nên làm hoặc không nên làm để trở thành nhà du lịch sinh thái. Sử dụng các cụm dưới đây để giúp bạn.)

Useful expressions:

... should (not) / ought (not) to / do sth.

Example: We should not litter on the beach or the street.

(Ví dụ: Chúng ta không nên xả rác trên bãi biển hoặc đường phố.)

One of the things ... can / should (not) do / is (to) do sth.

Example: One of the things we should not do is to litter on the beach or the street.

(Ví dụ: Một trong những điều chúng ta không nên làm là xả rác trên bãi biển hoặc đường phố.)

I suggest that ... (should / should not) do sth.

Example: I suggest that we should not litter on the beach or the street.

(Ví dụ: Tôi đề nghị rằng chúng ta không nên xả rác trên bãi biển hoặc đường phố.)

It will (be better / good ...) / do / avoid doing sth.

Example: It will be better for the environment if we avoid littering on the beach or the street.

(Ví dụ: Sẽ tốt hơn cho môi trường nếu chúng ta tránh xả rác trên bãi biển hoặc đường phố.)

2. Read the text and choose the best tittle for it.

(Đọc văn bản và chọn tiêu đề hay nhất.)

a. Environmental problems: What are they?

b. Environmental protection: How important is it?

c. Environmental solutions: How practical are they?

The environment we live in is facing many serious problems. We need to be aware of these problems so that we can find ways to protect nature.

A. Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of the earth's atmosphere. It is one of the biggest issues facing humans today. It can have serious consequences such as rising sea levels, polar ice melting, and extreme weather events like floods or heatwaves.

B. Another environmental problem is the cutting and clearing of natural forests. The loss of forests can have a negative impact on the environment. It can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife in danger. It can also destroy the natural soil and lead to climate change.

C. Air pollution is also a serious problem. It is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines, or factories. When these harmful gases combine with the water in the air, they come down as rain or snow, which can damage all forms of life. In addition, this problem leads to global warming and climate change. It is also a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.

D. Around the world, the number of endangered animals is rising. Many of them disappear because of pollution and climate change. In addition, humans illegally hunt and kill animals, and catch too many fish at once. This is upsetting the natural balance of ecosystems, which can be harmful to all living and non-living things.

3. Find words in the texts (A, B, C, or D) that mean the following.

(Tìm từ trong đoạn văn (A, B, C, hoặc D) mà có nghĩa như sau.)

2. Read the text again and choose the correct answers.

(Đọc lại bài đọc và chọn câu trả lời đúng.)

1. Which organisation was formed in 1945?

A. The UN

B. UNICEF

C. The WTO

2. Which organisation aims to help improve children’s health and education?

A. UNDP

B. UNICEF

C. The WTO

3. Which of the following is the largest international economic organisation?

A. The UN

B. UNDP

C. The WTO

2. Read the text. Are these sentences about the people who took part in the survey true or false? Write T or F.

(Đọc văn bản. Những câu này về những người đã tham gia khảo sát là đúng hay sai? Viết T (đúng) hoặc F (sai).)

a. Most have a positive view of the British overall. _____

b. More than half have a better opinion of the British now that they live in the country. _____

How foreigners see the British

What is a typical British person like? People who come to Britain from other countries probably have a few expectations: British people are polite, rather reserved, and enjoy drinking tea and standing in queues! But how accurate is this stereotype? In an online survey of 1402 foreign nationals living in the UK, just over half said that the British matched their expectations.

The survey also asked which aspects of the British character the foreign nationals liked and disliked. British people's good manners were popular with 49% and 40% liked the ability to queue. Many agreed that the British are reserved and for 32% this was a good quality but for 19% it was negative. Other negative aspects were the British sense of humour (31%) and British culture in general (28%). However, 77% said they liked British people in general and 61% said that their opinion of the British got better as a result of living in the UK. 

A spokesman for the researchers said: People probably come to Britain with a stereotype of what to expect. It’s good to see that, for the majority, the reality is better than the stereotype.'