1: \(\int \sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4} - x\right) dx\)

mà ta có công thức: \(\int \sin(ax + b) dx = -\frac{1}{a}\cos(ax + b) + C\) nên với a=-1; \(b=\frac{\pi}{4}\) thì

\(\int\sin\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-x\right)dx=-\frac{1}{-1}\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-x\right)+C=\cos\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-x\right)+C\)

2: \(\int \frac{7}{\cos^2(3-x)} dx = \frac{7}{-1} \tan(3-x) = -7\tan(3-x)\)

\(\int 8\sin(9-3x) dx = 8 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{-3}\right)\cos(9-3x) = \frac{8}{3}\cos(9-3x)\)

\(\int -\frac{1}{x} dx = -\ln\vert{}x\vert{}\)

\(\int \frac{6}{3-2x} dx = 6 \cdot \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right)\ln\vert{}3-2x\vert{} = -3\ln\vert{}3-2x\vert{}\)

\(\int \sqrt{x} dx = \int x^{\frac{1}{2}} dx = \frac{x^{\frac{3}{2}}}{\frac{3}{2}} = \frac{2}{3}x\sqrt{x}\)

\(\int \left( \frac{7}{\cos^2(3-x)} + 8\sin(9-3x) - \frac{1}{x} + \frac{6}{3-2x} + \sqrt{x} \right) dx\)

\(= -7\tan(3-x) + \frac{8}{3}\cos(9-3x) - \ln\vert{}x\vert{} - 3\ln\vert{}3-2x\vert{} + \frac{2}{3}x\sqrt{x} + C\)

3: \(\int \frac{7}{\cos^2 x} dx = 7\tan x\)

\(\int -\frac{8}{2x+1} dx = -8 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \ln\vert{}2x+1\vert{} = -4\ln\vert{}2x+1\vert{}\)

\(\int 9^{2x+1} dx = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{9^{2x+1}}{\ln 9} = \frac{9^{2x+1}}{4\ln 3}\)

\(\int e^{5-2x} dx = -\frac{1}{2}e^{5-2x}\)

\(\int 8 dx = 8x\)

\(\int \left( \frac{7}{\cos^2 x} - \frac{8}{2x+1} + 9^{2x+1} + e^{5-2x} + 8 \right) dx\)

\(= 7\tan x - 4\ln\vert{}2x+1\vert{} + \frac{9^{2x+1}}{4\ln 3} - \frac{1}{2}e^{5-2x} + 8x + C\)

4: \(\int \frac{4}{x} dx = 4\ln\vert{}x\vert{}\)

\(\int -x^{-\frac{1}{2}} dx = -\frac{x^{\frac{1}{2}}}{\frac{1}{2}} = -2\sqrt{x}\)

\(\int 5x^4 dx = 5 \cdot \frac{x^5}{5} = x^5\)

\(\int -6x^6 dx = -6 \cdot \frac{x^7}{7} = -\frac{6}{7}x^7\)

\(\int\frac{3 - \sqrt{x} + 5x^5 - 6x^7 + 1}{x}dx\)

\(=\int\frac{4 - x^{\frac{1}{2}} + 5x^5 - 6x^7}{x}dx\)

\(= \int \left( \frac{4}{x} - x^{-\frac{1}{2}} + 5x^4 - 6x^6 \right) dx\)

\(= 4\ln\vert{}x\vert{} - 2\sqrt{x} + x^5 - \frac{6}{7}x^7 + C\)

a: \(y=-\frac13x^3+\frac12x^2-2x+1\)

=>y'=\(-\frac13\cdot3x^2+\frac12\cdot2x-2=-x^2+x-2\)

=>y'=\(-x^2+x-\frac14-\frac74=-\left(x-\frac12\right)^2-\frac74<0\forall x\)

=>Hàm số nghịch biến trên R

Vẽ đồ thị:

b: \(y=-x^3+3x^2-4\)

=>y'=\(-3x^2+3\cdot2x=-3x^2+6x=-3x\left(x-2\right)\)

đặt y'>0

=>-3x(x-2)>0

=>x(x-2)<0

=>0<x<2

=>Hàm số đồng biến trên (0;2)

Đặt y'<0

=>-3x(x-2)<0

=>x(x-2)>0

=>x>2 hoặc x<0

=>Hàm số nghịch biến trên các khoảng (-∞;0); (2;+∞)

Vẽ đồ thị:

c: \(y=-\frac14x^4-\frac12\cdot x^2-\frac14\)

=>y'=\(-\frac14\cdot4x^3-\frac12\cdot2x=-x^3-x=-x\left(x^2+1\right)\)

Đặt y'>0

=>\(-x\left(x^2+1\right)>0\)

=>-x>0

=>x<0

=>Hàm số đồng biến trên khoảng (-∞;0)

Đặt y'<0

=>\(-x\left(x^2+1\right)<0\)

=>-x<0

=>x>0

=>Hàm số nghịch biến trên khoảng (0;+∞)

Vẽ đồ thị:

d: \(y=x^4-x^2-2\)

=>y'=\(4x^3-2x=2x\left(2x^2-1\right)\)

\(=4x\left(x^2-\frac12\right)=4x\left(x-\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)\left(x+\frac{1}{\sqrt2}\right)\)

Đặt y'>0

=>\(x\left(x^2-\frac12\right)>0\)

TH1: \(\begin{cases}x>0\\ x^2-\frac12>0\end{cases}\)

=>x>0 và \(x^2>\frac12\)

=>\(x>\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\)

TH2: \(\begin{cases}x<0\\ x^2-\frac12<0\end{cases}\)

=>x<0 và \(x^2<\frac12\)

=>x<0 và \(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}

=>\(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}

vậy: Hàm số đồng biến trên các khoảng \(\left(\frac{\sqrt2}{2};+\infty\right);\left(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2};0\right)\)

Đặt y'<0

=>\(x\left(x^2-\frac12\right)<0\)

TH1: \(\begin{cases}x<0\\ x^2-\frac12>0\end{cases}\)

=>x<0 và \(x^2>\frac12\)

=>x<0 và \(\left[\begin{array}{l}x>\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\\ x<-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\end{array}\right.\)

=>\(x<-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\)

TH2: \(\begin{cases}x>0\\ x^2-\frac12<0\end{cases}\)

=>x>0 và \(x^2<\frac12\)

=>x>0 và \(-\frac{\sqrt2}{2}

=>\(0

Vậy: Hàm số nghịch biến trên \(\left(-\infty;\frac{-\sqrt2}{2}\right);\left(0;\frac{\sqrt2}{2}\right)\)

Vẽ đồ thị:

\(I=\int\dfrac{x^3dx}{\left(x^8-4\right)^2}\)

Đặt \(x^4=t\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{4}dt\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t^2-2\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)^2dt=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{2}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)}\right)dt\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{\left(t-\sqrt{2}\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(t+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\left(\dfrac{1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right)\right)dt\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{t-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{t+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{t-\sqrt{2}}{t+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{32}\left(\dfrac{-1}{x^4-\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-\sqrt{2}}{x^4+\sqrt{2}}\right|\right)+C\)

2/ \(I=\int\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)dx}{\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{1}{x^2+x+3}\right)\left(2x+1\right)dx\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x-1}-\dfrac{2x+1}{x^2+x+3}\right)dx\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x-1\right)}{x^2+x-1}-\int\dfrac{d\left(x^2+x+3\right)}{x^2+x+3}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{x^2+x-1}{x^2+x+3}\right|+C\)

3/ Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{x}=t\Rightarrow x=t^3\Rightarrow dx=3t^2dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{3t^2.sint.dt}{t^2}=3\int sint.dt=-3cost+C=-3cos\left(\sqrt[3]{x}\right)+C\)

4/ \(I=\int\dfrac{dx}{1+cos^2x}=\int\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx}{\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}+1}\)

Đặt \(t=tanx\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}dt=\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}dx\\\dfrac{1}{cos^2x}=1+tan^2x=1+t^2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{1+t^2+1}=\int\dfrac{dt}{t^2+2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)^2+1}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{2}.\sqrt{2}.arctan\left(\dfrac{t}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}arctan\left(\dfrac{tanx}{\sqrt{2}}\right)+C\)

5/ \(I=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4+2sinx.cosx-sin^2x-cos^2x}dx=\int\dfrac{sinx+cosx}{4-\left(sinx-cosx\right)^2}dx\)

Đặt \(sinx-cosx=t\Rightarrow\left(cosx+sinx\right)dx=dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\int\dfrac{dt}{4-t^2}=-\int\dfrac{dt}{\left(t-2\right)\left(t+2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\int\left(\dfrac{1}{t+2}-\dfrac{1}{t-2}\right)dt\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{t+2}{t-2}\right|+C=\dfrac{1}{4}ln\left|\dfrac{sinx-cosx+2}{sinx-cosx-2}\right|+C\)

Ơ bài 1 nhầm số 4 thành số 2 rồi, bạn sửa lại 1 chút nhé :D

Còn 1 cách làm khác nữa là lượng giác hóa

Đặt \(x^4=2sint\Rightarrow x^3dx=\dfrac{1}{2}cost.dt\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{\left(4sin^2t-4\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^4t}=\dfrac{1}{32}\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=\dfrac{1}{cost}\\dv=\dfrac{dt}{cos^2t}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}du=\dfrac{sint.dt}{cos^2t}\\v=tant\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{tant}{cost}-\int\dfrac{tant.sint.dt}{cos^2t}=\dfrac{sint}{cos^2t}-\int\dfrac{sin^2t.dt}{cos^3t}\)

\(=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{1-cos^2t}{cos^3t}dt=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}+\int\dfrac{1}{cosx}dx\)

Chú ý rằng \(\int\dfrac{dt}{cos^3t}=32I\)

\(\Rightarrow32I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-32I+\int\dfrac{cost.dt}{cos^2t}\)

\(\Rightarrow64I=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\int\dfrac{d\left(sint\right)}{sin^2t-1}=\dfrac{sint}{1-sin^2t}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{sint-1}{sint+1}\right|+C\)

\(\Rightarrow I=\dfrac{1}{64}\left(\dfrac{2x^4}{4-x^8}-\dfrac{1}{2}ln\left|\dfrac{x^4-2}{x^4+2}\right|\right)+C\)

a.

\(y'=-\dfrac{3}{2}x^3+\dfrac{6}{5}x^2-x+5\)

b.

\(y'=\dfrac{\left(x^2+4x+5\right)'}{2\sqrt{x^2+4x+5}}=\dfrac{2x+4}{2\sqrt{x^2+4x+5}}=\dfrac{x+2}{\sqrt{x^2+4x+5}}\)

c.

\(y=\left(3x-2\right)^{\dfrac{1}{3}}\Rightarrow y'=\dfrac{1}{3}\left(3x-2\right)^{-\dfrac{2}{3}}=\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt[3]{\left(3x-2\right)^2}}\)

d.

\(y'=2\sqrt{x+2}+\dfrac{2x-1}{2\sqrt{x+2}}=\dfrac{6x+7}{2\sqrt{x+2}}\)

e.

\(y'=3sin^2\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}-5x\right).\left[sin\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}-5x\right)\right]'=-15sin^2\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}-5x\right).cos\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}-5x\right)\)

g.

\(y'=4cot^3\left(\dfrac{\pi}{6}-3x\right)\left[cot\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}-3x\right)\right]'=12cot^3\left(\dfrac{\pi}{6}-3x\right).\dfrac{1}{sin^2\left(\dfrac{\pi}{3}-3x\right)}\)